Title :
Phase-Locked Loops Used with Masers: Atomic Frequency Standards
Author :
Vanier, Jacques ; Tetu, Michel
Author_Institution :
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
fDate :
10/1/1982 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
Active atomic frequency standards, such as hydrogen and rubidium masers, are characterized by a very good frequency stability. However, they deliver a signal at a power level and at a frequency that are not practical to the users. This paper describes the techniques used to phase-lock to those masers a standard crystal oscillator at a cardinal frequency. A review of the various systems realized up to now is made.
Keywords :
Atomic clocks; Masers; PLLs; Phase-locked loop (PLL); Atomic clocks; Atomic measurements; Frequency domain analysis; Hydrogen; Masers; Microwave oscillators; Optical pumping; Phase locked loops; Q factor; Stability;
Journal_Title :
Communications, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCOM.1982.1095410