Methods of preparation and performance of sealed gas photomultipliers for visible light

Author

Balcerzyk, Marcin ; Mörmann, Dirk ; Breskin, Amos ; Singh, Bhartendu K. ; Freitas, Elisabete D C ; Chechik, Rachel ; Klin, Moshe ; Rappaport, Michael

Author_Institution

Weizmann Inst. of Sci., Rehovot, Israel

Volume

50

Issue

4

fYear

2003

Firstpage

847

Lastpage

854

Abstract

We describe the preparation of a sealed gas-filled photomultiplier (GPMT) for the visible spectral range and present the properties of the first prototypes. They consist of a 50 mm diameter semitransparent bialkali (K-Cs-Sb) photocathode coupled to a 30 mm×30 mm Kapton multi-gas electron multiplier (GEM). High gain of 2×10⁴ in two-GEM mode and a quantum efficiency of 13% at 405 nm have been reached at 700 Torr of Ar/CH₄ (95:5). The detector structure and experimental setup are described; results are presented on the GPMT gain, ion-feedback and its suppression, stability, and other critical parameters in various gas mixtures. Hot sealing techniques with In/Sn and In/Bi solders are discussed.

Keywords

antimony; caesium; feedback; gas mixtures; ionisation chambers; photomultipliers; position sensitive particle detectors; potassium; 30 mm; 405 nm; 50 mm; 700 torr; GPMT; K-Cs-Sb; Kapton multi-gas electron multiplier; gas mixtures; ion-feedback; quantum efficiency; sealed gas photomultipliers; semitransparent bialkali; suppression; visible light; Cathodes; Detectors; Electron multipliers; Feedback; Leak detection; Packaging; Photomultipliers; Physics; Prototypes; Stability;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9499

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TNS.2003.815142

Filename

1221886