The effects of grain size on the magnetic properties of fully processed, continuous-annealed low-carbon electrical steels

The magnetic properties, including ac core loss, dc hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, ac and dc permeability at 10 kG and 15 kG, and magnetic flux density at field strength 2500 A/m, of 17 heats of fully processed, continuous-annealed low-carbon electrical steels with grain diameter from 8.98 μm to 23.25 μm have been measured. Regression analysis is applied to find the relationships among magnetic properties, grain size, texture, and impurity. Grain size is the predominant factor to influence ac core loss, hysteresis loss, ac and de permeability, and magnetic flux density. In addition, carbon is deleterious to ac core loss and hysteresis loss at both inductions and dc permeability at 10 kG. Sulfur increases ac core loss and hysteresis loss at 15 kG. Nitrogen and oxygen decrease ac permeability at 10 kG and 15 kG, respectively. Soluble aluminum is detrimental to hysteresis loss and ac permeability at 15 kG. Texture component of (I/I_R)₂22 is deleterious to hysteresis loss at 10 kG and magnetic flux density