Randomized modulation in power electronic converters

This article reviews analytical results and practical experience with randomized modulation in power electronic converters. After providing a brief overview of power electronics and of relevant switching patterns, the authors present performance specifications for converters (in terms of electromagnetic interference, vibrations and acoustic noise), and classify various randomized switching schemes. They review the most directly related references next, and introduce the mathematical objects of primary interest-averaged autocorrelation and power spectrum. They then list some results for the (simpler) case of stationary modulation and consider in detail the more general case of randomized switching based on Markov chains. Their aim is twofold-to present results important for practice and to establish connections with several areas of applied probability. Finally, they consider the synthesis task for the two cases of randomized modulation, followed by brief conclusions