Dual-resonant π-shape with double L-strips PIFA for implantable biotelemetry

A compact -shape with a double L-strips planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed for implantable biotelemetry in the Medical Implant Communication Services band (MICS band). The antenna occupies a volume of only 643 mm³ (22.5 22.5 1.27 mm), operating frequency at 402 MHz. Utilising the -shape with the double L-strips PIFA structure can excite dual-resonate frequencies that control the dual-resonant frequency at 375 and 427 MHz to obtain the broad bandwidth of 80 MHz (362 442 MHz) at return loss of 10 dB. To demonstrate the performance of the implantable antenna more efficiently, the simulating skin fluids are also developed by varying alcohol concentration with salts. Thus, provided is a miniature, broadband implantable PIFA for biotelemetry with medical devices.