DocumentCode :
783949
Title :
Use of sonomicrometry and multidimensional scaling to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of multiple cardiac locations: feasibility and initial implementation
Author :
Ratciiffe, M.B. ; Gupta, Krishanu B. ; Streicher, James T. ; Savage, Edward B. ; Bogen, Daniel K. ; Edmunds, L. Henry, Jr.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Bioeng., Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA, USA
Volume :
42
Issue :
6
fYear :
1995
fDate :
6/1/1995 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
587
Lastpage :
598
Abstract :
The authors describe a new method which uses sonomicrometry and the statistical technique of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to measure the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of multiple cardiac locations. The authors refer to this new method as sonomicrometry array localization (SAL). The new method differs from standard sonomicrometry in that each piezoelectric transducer element is used as both transmitter and receiver and the set of intertransducer element distances is measured. MDS calculates the 3D coordinates of each sonomicrometry transducer element from the set of intertransducer element distances. The feasibility of this new method was tested with mathematical simulations which demonstrated the ability of MDS to compensate for signal error and missing intertransducer element distances. The authors describe the design elements of a modified digitally controlled sonomicrometer in which a single transducer element can sequentially broadcast to as many as 8 receiver elements. That design is used to validate SAL in a water bath and in ex vivo and living hearts. Correlation with caliper measurement in the water bath (y int.=3.91±3.36 min, slope=1.04±0.05, r 2=0.969±0.027) and with radiography in ex vivo (y int.=-0.87±0.92 mm, slope=0.97±0.02, r 2=0.960±0.023) and in vivo hearts (y int.=2.98±2.59 mm, slope=1.01±0.06, r 2=0.953±0.031) was excellent. Sonomicrometry array localization is able to accurately measure the 3D coordinates of multiple cardiac locations. It can potentially measure myocardial deformation and remodeling after ischemic or valvular injury.
Keywords :
bioacoustics; biomedical measurement; cardiology; micrometry; design elements; ex vivo hearts; intertransducer element distances; ischemic injury; living hearts; modified digitally controlled sonomicrometer; multidimensional scaling; multiple cardiac locations; myocardial deformation measurement; piezoelectric transducer element; sonomicrometry; sonomicrometry array localization; statistical technique; valvular injury; Coordinate measuring machines; Digital control; Heart; In vivo; Measurement standards; Multidimensional systems; Piezoelectric transducers; Radio transmitters; Radiography; Testing; Algorithms; Animals; Artifacts; Echocardiography; Feasibility Studies; Microcomputers; Models, Structural; Normal Distribution; Reproducibility of Results; Sheep; Transducers;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9294
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/10.387198
Filename :
387198
Link To Document :
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