Superconducting Synchrotrons

Superconductivity has advanced considerably since the discovery of high-field, type-II superconductors in 1961. During the past two years, superconductivity has at last become a tool of high-energy physics. One may now consider the construction of a superconducting proton synchrotron. Several laboratories in the United States and Europe are studying the feasibility of superconducting synchrotrons. A realistic look at such a synchrotron requires a study of the machine components and their interaction, and a study of the fundamental properties of such a machine. Economics will be the principal reason for ultimately building such a machine. Since the magnet system is the primary difference between superconducting and conventional machines, it will be emphasized in the report. There will be a short discussion of magnet coil configurations, superconducting materials, and the use of iron as a magnetic shield and return path. The magnet system consists of a power supply, cryostat, and a refrigeration system. All components are discussed in some detail. The use of superconducting synchrotron magnets permits one to consider a number of alternative solutions to RF, vacuum, and injection and extraction problems. Changes in the enclosure and other conventional facilities for a superconducting machine are discussed. A rough cost estimate of superconducting synchrotrons is presented. The effect of field, beam intensity, and repetition rate on cost is discussed. In conclusion, this report shows that a superconducting synchrotron is both feasible and economical.