Two-Time-Scale Coordination Control for a Battery Energy Storage System to Mitigate Wind Power Fluctuations

In this paper, a two-time-scale coordination control method to mitigate wind power fluctuations using a battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed. Two-time-scale maximal power fluctuation restrictions (MPFRs) are set for the combined output of the wind farm and the BESS: the maximal fluctuation of the combined power in any 1- and 30-min time window must be kept within γ_1min% and γ_30min%, respectively, of the rated power of the wind farm. A flexible first-order low-pass filter (FLF) with an optimization of time constant T_f is developed to limit the power fluctuation under restriction with smaller BESS capacity. Then, a coordination control method is developed on base of the FLF, which contains: 1) PSO-based time constant real-time optimizing algorithm; 2) remaining energy level feedback control; 3) two-time-scale coordination control strategy. Finally, an estimation of BESS capacity and power rating for a wind farm to achieve the MPFRs is presented, and the whole method is tested in a time-domain simulation system.