A novel analytic method for the broadband determination of electromagnetic impedances and material parameters

A simple analytic technique is described that allows the determination of complex impedances from quasistatic frequencies (some Hz) up to 2 GHz with one setup and a single sweep. Samples are placed in a shielded capacitor-like measurement cell that is inserted into a transmission line. The transmission coefficient of the setup is measured for one signal direction, i.e., only two receiver channels are needed. A complete calibration is achieved with only two standards. Dielectric and, with restrictions in the frequency range, magnetic material parameters can be determined via these impedance measurements. Temperature-dependent calibration and measurement are possible and even low losses down to tan δ=5·10^-4 and small impedances Z⩾0.05 Ω can be determined. The applicability of the method is experimentally verified over a frequency range of nearly nine decades from 5 Hz to 2 GHz