Two-Dimensional Magnetization Characteristics

In conventional magnetic measurements, only the same components of the magnetic flux intensity B and the magnetic field intensity H in the excited direction are measured. In short, the measured values are treated as scalar quantities. Since it is well known that B and H have a phase difference in space, these quantities should be dealt with as vectors. We have used a two-dimensional magnetic measurement apparatus to obtain a precise understanding of the behavior of B and H in magnetization processes. In conventional measurements, when the excited direction does not correspond to the rolling direction, the locus of the vectors of B is not an alternating flux; that is, it becomes a loop. Therefore, the iron loss obtained by the conventional method is different from that for two-dimensional measurements.