Design of a general biquadratic filter section with only transconductances and grounded capacitors

Author

Tan, Mehmet A. ; Schaumann, Rolf

Author_Institution

Dept. of Electr. Eng., Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN, USA

Volume

35

Issue

4

fYear

1988

fDate

4/1/1988 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

478

Lastpage

480

Abstract

A method is presented for the implementation of all stable second-order filters using only tunable transconductance elements and grounded capacitors (TGC filters). Although other voltage-to-current converters can be used, the simple four-transistor transconductance is particularly convenient because of its reduced circuitry. The synthesis technique is based on the signal-flow-graph corresponding to the state-space model of a second-order section. The approach is general and can be applied to obtain higher-order filters in the same manner, provided that the corresponding signal flow graph exists

Keywords

active filters; graph theory; network synthesis; state-space methods; active filters; biquadratic filter section; four-transistor transconductance; grounded capacitors; higher-order filters; signal-flow-graph; stable second-order filters; state-space model; synthesis technique; tunable transconductance elements; CMOS technology; Capacitors; Circuit synthesis; Filters; Flow graphs; Laplace equations; Signal synthesis; Transconductance; Tunable circuits and devices; Voltage;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0098-4094

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/31.1770

Filename

1770