Design of Photonic Crystal-Based Biosensor for Detection of Glucose Concentration in Urine

In this paper, we have demonstrated and designed a 2D photonic crystal-based biosensor with line defect, which can detect glucose concentration in urine. Simulation and analysis have been done in order to detect glucose concentration in normal urine (0-15 mg/dL), urine with 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 gm/dL of glucose concentration in the wavelength range of 1530-1565 nm. Finite-difference time-domain method has been used for the analysis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology electromagnetic equation propagation and MIT photonic bands simulation tools have been used for modeling and designing of photonic crystal, and IPKISS software framework has been used for generation of mask design, which can be used for the fabrication of the photonic crystal sensor. It has been observed from the band structure that for little change in refractive index, there will be a moderate shift in the frequency and transmitted output power and hence it acts as a sensor. This indicates that it is highly sensitive for the change in refractive index.