Enhancement of refractive index in Ti:LiTaO/sub 3/ optical waveguides by Zn vapor diffusion

Author

Jung, H.-S. ; Eknoyan, O. ; Taylor, H.F.

Author_Institution

Dept. of Electr. Eng., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA

Volume

7

Issue

2

fYear

1989

Firstpage

390

Lastpage

392

Abstract

A double diffusion technique to enhance the effective mode index of optical waveguides in LiTaO/sub 3/ is discussed. It consists of Zn diffusion from the vapor phase at relatively low temperatures (750-800 degrees C), into waveguides initially produced by Ti indiffusion at higher temperature (1150-1200 degrees C). Both X- and Z-cut substrates are investigated. A model combines profiles of both diffusions is formulated to calculate the expected effective index values for planar waveguides. Good agreement is found between experimental results and model predictions which assume that the initial Ti profile is not affected by the lower-temperature Zn diffusion. Effective index enhancements as high as 0.005 and 0.003 are obtained by this method for the fundamental extraordinary and ordinary modes, respectively.<>

Keywords

lithium compounds; optical waveguides; refractive index; titanium; zinc; 1150 to 1200 degC; 750 to 800 degC; LiTaO/sub 3/:Ti, Zn; Zn vapor diffusion; double diffusion technique; optical waveguides; planar waveguides; refractive index enhancement; Optical films; Optical filters; Optical planar waveguides; Optical refraction; Optical variables control; Optical waveguides; Planar waveguides; Refractive index; Temperature; Zinc;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Lightwave Technology, Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0733-8724

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/50.17785

Filename

17785