Implementation of an A~C~E~1 decomposition method

Having established feasibility and developed a method to decompose control area´s A~C~E~₁ into components attributable to load changes in subareas within the control area, this paper addresses some of the practical issues with an on-line implementation of the A~C~E~₁ model and the decomposition method. Issues examined here include time-varying system conditions, nonlinearities in the governors´ dead bands and AGC loop, and the impact of load disturbance external to the control area. An on-line recursive parameter estimation technique with adjustable forgetting factor to update the A~C~E~₁ model parameters is proposed.