Binary Image Authentication With Tampering Localization by Embedding Cryptographic Signature and Block Identifier

This letter proposes a novel two-layer blind binary image authentication scheme, in which the first layer is targeted at the overall authentication and the second layer is targeted at identifying the tampering locations. The "flippability" of a pixel is determined by the "connectivity-preserving" transition criterion. The image is partitioned into multiple macro-blocks that are subsequently classified into eight categories. The block identifier is defined adaptively for each class and embedded in those "qualified" and "self-detecting" macro-blocks in order to identify the tampered locations. Experimental results validate the arguments made