Title :
Acoustically relevant bubble assemblages and their dependence on meteorological parameters
Author :
Monahan, Edward C. ; Lu, Mingzhi
Author_Institution :
Marine Sci. Inst., Connecticut Univ., Groton, CT, USA
fDate :
10/1/1990 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A detailed physical model of the life history of a typical bubble plume, from its formation by a breaking wave to its dissipation into the background bubble population, is given, and the relationship between the early, acoustically relevant stages in bubble-plume development and the associated, remotely detectable whitecap is described. The manner in which the fraction of the sea surface covered by stage A spilling crests and by stage B mature whitecaps depends upon wind speed and upon wind stress or friction velocity is investigated. Formal expressions are given whereby near-surface bubble concentrations can be estimated from observations of fractional whitecap coverage or from measurements of the 10-m elevation wind speed
Keywords :
bubbles; oceanography; acoustics; breaking wave; bubble assemblages; bubble plume; dissipation; foam; meteorological parameters; ocean wave; physical model; stage A spilling crests; underwater sound; whitecap; Acoustic signal detection; Assembly; Friction; History; Sea measurements; Sea surface; Stress; Surface acoustic waves; Velocity measurement; Wind speed;
Journal_Title :
Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of
