Laboratory investigation of an amplitude comparator based directional comparison digital protection scheme

A directional comparison digital protection scheme has been implemented with a 16-b single-board computer at each end of a physical model of a transmission line, with communication between the two ends. The protection algorithm makes use of the fundamental frequency components of the deviation signals of the voltage and phase-shifted current. Software routines have been developed for fault monitoring, directional determination, and the trip/block decision. Graphics features incorporated in the software are explained. Tests for various faults conducted on the physical model of a double-circuit transmission line show that the direction to a fault is determined in 3 to 7 ms. The blocking features of the relay are demonstrated