Author_Institution :
GE Lighting, Cleveland, OH, USA
Abstract :
The science of a variety of devices employing nonequilibrium lightning plasmas is reviewed. The devices include the fluorescent lamp, the low-pressure sodium lamp, the neon sign, ultraviolet lamps, glow indicators, and a variety of devices used by spectroscopists, such as the hollow cathode light source. The plasma conditions in representative commercial devices are described. Recent research on the electron gas, the role of heavy particles, spatial and temporal inhomogeneities, and new electrodeless excitation schemes is reviewed. Areas of future activity are expected to be in new applications of high-frequency electronics to commercial devices, new laser-based cidiagnostics of plasma conditions, and more sophisticated models requiring more reliable and extensive rate coefficient data
Keywords :
discharge lamps; fluorescent lamps; glow discharges; lamps; lighting; metal vapour lamps; plasma applications; plasma devices; reviews; spectroscopic light sources; Na lamp; Ne sign; commercial devices; electrodeless excitation; electron gas; fluorescent lamp; glow indicators; heavy particles; high-frequency electronics; hollow cathode light source; laser-based cidiagnostics; low-pressure sodium lamp; neon sign; nonequilibrium lightning plasmas; rate coefficient data; reviews; spatial inhomogeneities; temporal inhomogeneities; ultraviolet lamps; Cathodes; Electrons; Fluorescent lamps; Light sources; Lightning; Nuclear and plasma sciences; Plasma applications; Plasma devices; Plasma sources; Spectroscopy;
