Title :
Noise in amplifiers
Author :
Yamamoto, Yoshihisa ; Inoue, Kyo
Author_Institution :
Edward L. Ginzton Lab., Stanford Univ., CA, USA
Abstract :
The noise of linear amplifiers is discussed in terms of the fundamental law of quantum mechanics and is analyzed using an electrical circuit model. The operational principles of two types of amplifiers-negative conductance amplifier and nonlinear susceptance amplifier-are studied with a special emphasis on those at optical frequencies. The application of such optical amplifiers to optical telecommunication systems is reviewed.
Keywords :
Fabry-Perot resonators; laser cavity resonators; laser noise; optical fibre amplifiers; optical parametric amplifiers; optical repeaters; quantum noise; spontaneous emission; stimulated Raman scattering; Fabry-Perot cavity; Heisenberg limit; Raman amplification; coherent multiwave mixing process; electrical circuit model; fundamental quantum limit; fundamental quantum mechanics law; injection-locked oscillators; intrinsic quantum limits; laser amplifiers; linear amplifiers; negative conductance amplifier; noise generators; nonlinear susceptance amplifiers; optical amplifiers; optical repeaters; parametric amplifiers; spontaneous emission; Circuit noise; Nonlinear optics; Optical amplifiers; Optical mixing; Optical noise; Optical sensors; Optical signal processing; Semiconductor device noise; Semiconductor optical amplifiers; Stimulated emission;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2003.816887
