Linac Particle Tracing Simulations

A particle tracing code was developed to study space-charge effects in proton or heavy-ion linear accelerators. The purpose is to study space-charge phenomena as directly as possible without the complications of many accelerator details. Thus, the accelerator is represented simply by harmonic oscillator or impulse restoring forces. Variable parameters as well as mismatched phase-space distributions were studied. This study represents the initial search for those features of the accelerator or of the phase-space distribution that lead to emittance growth.