Consistent Study of Graphene Structures Through the Direct Incorporation of Surface Conductivity

An efficient 3-D FDTD formulation for the precise analysis of electromagnetic phenomena in graphene structures is presented in this paper. The new concept considers the surface nature of graphene´s conductivity and encompasses it directly into the integral form of Maxwell´s equations, avoiding the necessity to discretize the material´s transverse dimension via a subcell process. Hence, the proposed technique is much easier to implement and combined with existing FDTD codes, as it requires less computational time. Numerical verification involving comparisons with closed-form solutions and the results of other schemes, exhibits the high accuracy of the algorithm.