The inclusion of dynamic factors in statistical power system cost models. I. Assessment of startup and banking costs

Methods are developed for approximating dynamic aspects of power system costs within the load duration and probabilistic framework. The approach uses a transition-frequency function, as applied in frequency and duration methods of system reliability assessment, together with a function expressing the RMS prediction error in load forecasting. The author shows how the transition-frequency function can be used to estimate plant startup and banking costs under various conditions. He demonstrates how the calculations can be performed in terms of cumulants of the functions involved, making possible a very efficient formulation