The effects of funneling on space upset rate [microelectronics-space irradiation]

The complete three-dimensional analog of the usual upset rate integral is explored, exhibiting explicitly the average over solid angle which is often finessed or ignored. This permits a precise statement of how funneling can be included in the chord distribution, and an approximation is written which applies directly to the usual formalism. The mixed way that measured funneling contributes or does not contribute to input quantities is analyzed, and an algorithm is developed which includes funneling. Examples show what effects funneling adds to the no-funneling case