A DC–DC Boost Converter With Variation-Tolerant MPPT Technique and Efficient ZCS Circuit for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Applications

This paper presents a dc-dc boost converter with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for thermoelectric energy harvesting applications. The technique realizes variation tolerance by adjusting the switching frequency of the converter. A finely controlled zero-current switching (ZCS) scheme together with the accurate MPPT technique enhances the overall efficiency of the converter because of an optimal turn-on time generated by a one-shot pulse generator that is proposed. Moreover, the ZCS technique can deal with low- and high-temperature differences applied to the thermoelectric generator. This allows a wider range of conversion ratios compared to those of conventional converters used for thermal energy harvesting. Experimentally, the converter implemented in a 0.35-μm BCDMOS process had a peak efficiency of 72% at the input voltage of 500 mV while supplying a 5.62-V output.