Circuit representation of the integral charge-control model of bipolar transistors

The integral charge-control model (ICM) of bipolar transistors developed by Gummel and Poon (abstr. B31388 of 1970) describes the device physics compactly, coherently, and more accurately than do the other existing compact models of transistors. The significance of the ICM to circuit analysis is, however, masked by various analytical expressions describing the device physics. This significance is recognized here by developing a circuit representation of the ICM that is topologically the same as that for the Ebers-Moll model.