Title :
First results from cryogenic avalanche detectors based on gas electron multipliers
Author :
Buzulutskov, A. ; Bondar, A. ; Shekhtman, L. ; Snopkov, R. ; Tikhonov, Y.
Author_Institution :
Budker Inst. of Nucl. Phys., Novosibirsk, Russia
Abstract :
We study the performance of gaseous and two-phase (liquid-gas) cryogenic detectors of ionizing radiation, based on gas electron multipliers (GEMs). For the first time, relatively high gas gains, exceeding 104, were obtained in pure He, Ar, and Kr at low temperatures and the stable avalanche mode of operation was observed in a two-phase cryogenic detector in Kr. The electron avalanching at low temperatures, in the range of 120-300 K, is systematically studied.
Keywords :
argon; cryogenics; electron avalanches; electron multiplier detectors; helium; krypton; liquid ionisation chambers; radiation detection; 120 to 300 K; Ar; He; Kr; cryogenic avalanche detector; electron avalanching; gas electron multiplier; gaseous mode operation; high gas gain; ionisation chamber; ionizing radiation; liquid-gas mode; low temperature; noble gases; pure He; stable avalanche operation mode; two-phase cryogenic detector; Argon; Cryogenics; Electron multipliers; Gases; Helium; Ionizing radiation; Physics; Radiation detectors; Temperature dependence; Temperature distribution;
Journal_Title :
Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TNS.2003.820633
