Passive Liquid Displays: Liquid Crystals, Electrophoretics, and Electrochromics

Liquid Crystal, Electrochromic, and Electrophoretic displays are the three examples of low power, passive displays which are described in this review. Their principles of operation are briefly summarized and their properties are compared in six different categories. None of these technologies is suitable for video applications; however, it is quite likely they will be used in digital displays where low power consumption is important and where only a small numbtr of display elements are required.