A class of analog CMOS circuits based on the square-law characteristic of an MOS transistor in saturation

The examined class of circuits includes voltage multipliers, current multipliers, linear V-I convertors, linear I-V convertors, current squaring circuits, and current divider circuits. Typical for these circuits is an independent control of the sum as well as the difference between two gate-source voltages. As direct use is made of the basic device characteristics, only a small number of transistors is required in the presented circuits.