Accurate representation of commutation overlap effects in steady-state multi AC/HVDC link studies

Most steady-state HVDC link representations, such as multi AC/HVDC loadflow analysis and state estimation, do not model commutation overlap angle effects; instead they assume convertor switching to be instantaneous. A simple technique is presented and tested which allows the commutation overlap to be explicitly included in conventional HVDC link representation with only a slight modification. The resulting algorithms are shown to accurately model the commutation overlap process under normal HVDC link operating conditions (overlap angle <60¿¿) and convergence of the algorithm is not degraded