An experimental technique for monitoring moisture content of the ground

An experimental investigation was carried out on the possibility of monitoring the moisture content M of the ground by measuring its effective reflection coefficient R. This was done via the use of an ionospheric sounder. In addition, the effect of temperature change on M and R was also examined. It is found that the correlation coefficient between M and R is 0.82, indicating a reasonably high possibility of monitoring M and R. As a by-product, it is found that beyond the first ionospheric echo, no further magnetoionic splitting occurs.