The role of computer modeling and simulation in electric and hybrid vehicle research and development

Computer modeling and simulation is widely used in support of electric and hybrid vehicle research and development. Many modeling-assisted studies and assessments, involving candidate technology comparisons, have been performed to provide information for management planning and research decisions. Modeling has also been extensively used in engineering activities including preliminary and final design optimization. A wide range of programs has been developed including small ones for use on hand-held programmable calculators and large programs involving more than 11 000 lines. Many programs exist in the public domain, and two major programs are available on commercial time-sharing systems.