Circuit Representation of Isotropic Chiral Media

A four-port cascaded circuit model, which we call a chiral cascaded circuit, is presented to represent an isotropic and lossless chiral media. Such a model is based on the concept of transmission line and characteristic transformers. Detailed analysis is given to the chiral cascaded circuit and constitutive parameters for the effective chiral media are derived. Both the theoretical calculations for the effectively isotropic chiral media and circuit simulation results for the real chiral cascaded circuit are given, which have excellent agreements. Such a circuit model provides an efficient way to realize chiral media using transmission-line circuits and may find potential applications in microwave technologies.