Economical RC active lossy ladder filters

The letter describes a class of RC active filters derived from RLC lossy ladder-filter prototypes. The presence of loss in the prototypes allows the use of active building blocks containing only one amplifier. Design methods are outlined, and ways of reducing sensitivity are discussed. The filters are economical in the number of amplifiers required, and a comparison indicates that they can be significantly less sensitive than active filters built as a cascade of non-interacting sections.