Techniques for Broad-Banding Above Resonance Circulator Junctions without the Use of External Matching Networks

By using a modification of Bosma´s approach, a theoretical explanation is given for the broad-banding effect wich can be achieved by the use of three open-circuited stubs on the center conductor circumference of above resonance circulators. It is also shown that similar broad-banding can be achieved by the use of materials with very large values of 4piM_s in the above resonance state. It appears that the frequency dependence of the conductance G(omega) is a limiting factor in the bandwidth improvements that can be obtained in these ways.