Fixed binary convolutional codes are considered which are simultaneously optimal or near-optimal according to three criteria: namely, distance profile

, free distance

, and minimum number of weight

paths. It is shown how the optimum distance profile criterion can be used to limit the search for codes with a large value of

. We present extensive lists of such robustly optimal codes containing rate

nonsystematic codes, several with

superior to that of any previously known code of the same rate and memory; rate

systematic codes; and rate

nonsystematic codes. As a counterpart to quick-look-in (QLI) codes which are not "transparent," we introduce rate

easy-look-in-transparent (ELIT) codes with a feedforward inverse

. In general, ELIT codes have

superior to that of QLI codes.