Applications of radar to meteorological operations and research

Radar echoes from meteorological targets have existed almost from the time that radar was first used. In this paper, an equation is presented which relates the echo power to a characteristic of the cloud or precipitation particles within the radar pulse volume. Some examples of how radar has been used for operational purposes are given; these include a description of the utility of radar for storm detection, how radar can be used as an aid to weather forecasting for both the public and aviation interests, and also how radar can be applied to help solve some hydrological problems. Significant research results on the nature of atmospheric structure and processes as derived with the help of radar are presented. Doppler radar has played a prominent role in the investigation of storm dynamics, and high-power high-resolution radars have been used for studying the development and nature of clear-air turbulence and convective processes in the clear air. Recent trends in meteorological radars are indicated and suggestions are set forth which relate to the improved use of radar for operations.