The ground field of arbitrarily shaped linear antennas of geostationary satellites in polar regions taking into account a stochastic and anisotropic ionosphere

The propagation of electromagnetic waves from satellites to the earth is influenced by the electrically anisotropic behavior of the ionosphere. Fluctuating ionospheric parameters cause perturbations in the signal. To calculate the ground field of arbitrarily shaped linear antennas of geostationary satellites for polar regions, the passage of a carrier wave through a homogeneous, electrically anisotropic, stochastic ionosphere imbedded in a two-dimensional three-layer model (near-earth space, ionosphere, atmosphere) is considered. Perturbations due to the ionospheric fluctuations are treated using B.J. Uscinski´s multiple scatter theory (see The Elements of Wave Propagation in Random Media, McGraw Hill, 1977) which has been extended to anisotropic media. Finally, the theory of E. Arbel and L.B. Felsen (see Electromagnetic Theory and Antennas Part I, Pergamon, 1963, p.391-420) is applied to derive field representations for the more realistic case of a homogeneously stratified anisotropic ionosphere