The covering radius

of a code is the maximal distance of any vector from the code. This work gives a number of new results concerning
![t[n, k]](/images/tex/5929.gif)
, the minimal covering radius of any binary code of length

and dimension

. For example
![t[n, 4]](/images/tex/5930.gif)
and
![t[n, 5]](/images/tex/5931.gif)
are determined exactly, and reasonably tight bounds on
![t[n, k]](/images/tex/5929.gif)
are obtained for any

when

is large. These results are found by using several new constructions for codes with small covering radius. One construction, the amalgamated direct sum, involves a quantity called the norm of a code. Codes with norm

are called normal, and may be combined efficiently. The paper concludes with a table giving bounds on
![t[n, k]](/images/tex/5929.gif)
for

.