Attenuation due to rain at low elevation angles

Radar data on the reflectivity structure of rain showers were analysed to determine the dependence on elevation angle of attenuation statistics at 13 GHz on satellite propagation paths. For elevation angles between 10° and 30°, It was found that the attenuation occurring at a given probability level varied approximately with the cosecant of the elevation angle. For elevation angles below 10°, it was found that the frequency of occurrence of a given attenuation varied approximately with the cotangent of the elevation angle.