Flux penetration and core loss in solid iron

A steady-state solution for the electromagnetic field in solid iron including both hysteresis and eddy-current effects is obtained by considering only fundamental components of flux density and magnetising force, expressed in terms of phasor vectors, and related by complex permeability. Static loops for a material are used to give the complex permeability characteristic as a function of magnetizing force permitting a nonlinear magnetization characteristic to be represented. Computed results together with some measured values are given for the surface loss and the distribution of flux in mild steel subjected to traveling-wave or pulsating excitation.