Waiting time jitter reduction

When a pulse-stuffing multiplexer interfaces to asynchronous traffic, the pulse-stuffing mechanism introduces the low-frequency stuffing jitter called waiting-time jitter. Depending on the stuffing ratio, which relates a nominal asynchronous traffic rate to a multiplexer output rate, up to one unit interval peak-to-peak waiting-time jitter is generated. A large amount of waiting-time jitter can have harmful effects on a network and needs to be reduced. The author introduces three waiting-time jitter reduction methods, which are based on the forced stuffing concept. The concept and its implementations are discussed in detail