Superconducting cyclotrons

The use of high field superconducting d.c. magnets in cyclotron design makes possible accelerators that are small and consequently have a significant cost advantage over comparable iron-magnet cyclotrons. A general description of superconducting isochronous cyclotrons is given, with emphasis on the magnet design requirements. Saturated iron poles to provide flutter focussing are described. A conceptual design for a heavy ion energy booster cyclotron for a tandem Van de Graaff is described, similar cyclotrons for production of proton or deuteron primary beams and π mesons or neutron secondary beams can, in view of the low cost, be considered for dedicated applications such as activation analysis or cancer therapy.