Unidirectional antenna composed of dipole and loop

A new printed structure composed of a dipole and a loop antenna for achieving a unidirectional antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna demonstrates that when an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole are excited simultaneously, a unidirectional radiation pattern can be obtained. With the absence of any ground plane or reflector, this directional printed antenna with single-layer structure can be used nowadays in small directional wireless systems and some handheld devices that need to radiate in a particular direction. The antenna operates at 2.4 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 7.4% for S₁₁ < -10 dB and a peak measured gain of around 4.3 dBi.