Theory for classifying equivalences of unified modelling language activity diagrams

Despite the fact that there has been a wide adoption of unified modelling language activity diagrams (UML ADs) for software development, research focusing on the equivalence notions of UML ADs is scarce. To address this area of concern, the author presents a sound theoretical foundation for UML ADs. Through the use of these formal definitions of UML ADs, the author propounds a method which classifies various types of equivalences of UML ADs in a systematic way. The proposed classification, which is the core result of our work, provides a framework that enables the study of the properties and inter-relationships of the equivalences.