Integrated encoding with high efficiency for digital steganography

Three different encoding mechanisms are combined to improve further steganographic embedding efficiency. They are secret-bit representation derived from the parity check coding, exploitation of the modification direction on pixel-values, and wet paper coding. The parity of least significant bit weight in each pixel-group is used to accommodate one secret bit. The weighted-sums of all pixel-groups and wet paper coding are used to select which pixels are modified and decide the way of modification as to whether to add or subtract one for carrying more secret data. It is shown that, by taking full advantage of these mechanisms, the embedding efficiency of the proposed scheme is higher than any of the previous steganographic embedding techniques.