Metal Diffusion Techniques and Class Sealing Problems in the Electron Tube Industry

Summary-- This paper deals with early techniques of chrome diffusion and the more recent methods of chromizing of metals. Historical applications of the process as applied to certain glass sealing metals, its effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion and the interface between glass and metal, as well as proper seal geometry, are discussed. Precleaning, oxide formation, glass application, seal types, and postremoval of the oxide are explained.