Major-minor loop, single-level-masking bubble chip

A major-minor loop chip design is presented which requires one high resolution masking step and no critical mask alignments. This design may therefore be implemented with electron-beam, X-ray, or deep-UV conformable-contact lithography to define the submicron linewidths required in ultra-high density devices. Chips with 20-μm period were fabricated with a layered Au-first, NiFe-second structure in a design which provided 6 percent overall margins; substitution of an improved merge component would allow a 10 percent margin overlap of all functions. Tests of components with 8 μm periods show margins of similar percentage values. Current requirements for the devices are low (10 mA for 8 μm period) so that the designs appear extendable to much higher densities.