Cooling System Design for Scale Prevention in High Powered Klystrons

A study of the causes of scaling in klystron collectors indicates that the scale formation can be reduced or prevented by proper design of the cooling system. The keystone of the design is to keep oxygen and carbon dioxide out of the coolant with a purificationloop. Distilled water is the preferred coolant in most cases. If an antifreeze is required, the coolant should be a mixture of uninhibited ethylene glycol and water.