Double Rayleigh scattering noise in Raman amplifiers using pump time-division-multiplexing schemes

Author

Bolognini, G. ; Sugliani, S. ; Di Pasquale, F.

Author_Institution

Scuola Superiore Sant´´Anna, Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento, Pisa, Italy

Volume

16

Issue

5

fYear

2004

fDate

5/1/2004 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

1286

Lastpage

1288

Abstract

The impact of signal double Rayleigh scattering (DRS) noise in time-division multiplexed counterpropagating Raman pumping schemes is theoretically and experimentally investigated. We show that, for small pump modulation duty cycles, DRS noise can be greatly enhanced with respect to continuous-wave pumping. By increasing the pump modulation frequency, however, this detrimental effect is effectively reduced, providing a powerful technique for noise figure equalization and pump four-wave mixing suppression in large bandwidth discrete and distributed amplifiers.

Keywords

Raman lasers; Raman spectra; Rayleigh scattering; distributed amplifiers; laser noise; multiwave mixing; optical communication equipment; optical fibre amplifiers; optical modulation; optical pumping; time division multiplexing; Raman amplifiers; Raman pumping schemes; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering; continuous-wave pumping; distributed amplifiers; double Rayleigh scattering noise; four-wave mixing suppression; large bandwidth discrete amplifiers; noise figure equalization; optical communications; optical fiber amplifiers; pump modulation; pump time-division-multiplexing schemes; Bandwidth; Distributed amplifiers; Frequency modulation; Noise level; Optical amplifiers; Optical noise; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering; Stimulated emission; Time division multiplexing;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1041-1135

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/LPT.2004.826223

Filename

1291486