Evaluation of Error Recovery Blocks Used for Cooperating Processes

Three alternatives for implementing recovery blocks (RB´s) are conceivable for backward error recovery in concurrent processing. These are the asynchronous, synchronous, and the pseudorecovery point implementations. Asynchronous RB´s are based on the concept of maximum autonomy in each of concurrent processes. Consequently, establishment of RB´s in a process is made independently of others and unbounded rollback propagations become a serious problem. In order to completely avoid unbounded rollback propagations, it is necessary to synchronize the establishment of recovery blocks in all cooperating processes. Process autonomy is sacrificed and processes are forced to wait for commitments from others to establish a recovery line, leading to inefficiency in time utilization. As a compromise between asynchronous and synchronous RB´s we propose to insert pseudorecovery points (PRP´s) so that unbounded rollback propagations may be avoided while maintaining process autonomy. We developed probabilistic models for analyzing these three methods under standard assumptions in computer performance analysis, i.e., exponential distributions for related random variables. With these models we have estimated 1) the interval between two successive recovery lines for asynchronous RB´s, 2) mean loss in computation power for the synchronized method, and 3) additional overhead and rollback distance in case PRP´s are used.